One notable example is the Matling Industrial and Commercial Corporation, the biggest processor of cassava in Mindanao, which has been in operation in Malabang, Lanao del Sur since 1928 (Habito 2012). The lakub (tobacco container) is another fine example of bamboo craft. Two favorite examples are the Nabiola Ibrahim (Story of the Prophet Abraham) and the Maulud-en-Nabi (Birth of the Prophet Muhammad). Bangsamoro artists join BCPCH's visual arts competition In the reenactment dance, karatong, three dancers interact with one another. Relevance of "Pananaroon" to Islam and Culture of M . The membership at the time of ARMM's abolition was 24, where 6 are from Lanao del Sur including Marawi City, 6 from Maguindanao, 6 from Sulu, 3 from Basilan, and 3 from Tawi-Tawi. The long, semicircular Zamboanga Peninsula (west) extends southwesterly toward the Sulu Archipelago and Borneo, and the Cotabato and Surigao peninsulas extend south and north, respectively. The size of the mat is determined by the number of da-ir (panels), which, in turn, are determined by the length of the sesed. Three buildings were razed, including the provincial capitol building. Presidential Commission for the Rehabilitation and Development of Southern Philippines.1980. Direction: Give three (3) famous or unique traditions and cultures in Cagayan Region. One dancer beats the karatong as the other holds it. The region was strengthened and expanded through the ratification of Republic Act No. kudos! The datus of Bumbaran meet one day and express concern about the unmarried state of their datu. Langgal is the traditional house of worship of our fellow Bangsamoro people in the island provinces of Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. One of the three vignettes that project a cultural image of the greatness of the Filipino people, "Langgal" (prayer house) represents Mindanao which is predominantly composed of Muslims. The lumad (indigenous peoples) and their ancestral lands proved to be the most vulnerable during the imposition of martial law. Other musical instruments include the gandingan, a horizontal war drum; tabo, a call-to-prayer drum hung horizontally in the mosque; a very small kulintang called alotang but known as saronai if manufactured from metal; a bamboo instrument scraped and struck called tagotok, also called sirong a ganding when plucked and beaten; insi, an end-blown lute; kubing; and oni-oniya, a rice stalk resembling an oboe. Some claim that the dance is derived from one of the episodes of the Darangen. Madale, Nagasura. Manila: Lahing Pilipino Publishing Inc. Rosagaron, Roman P. 2001. Marawi Siege: Stories from the Front Lines. Radia Indarapatra: A Study of Maranao Folk Narrative. MA thesis, University of the Philippines. The andon type of malong is made by applying the tie-dye process on the thread. In his plan, ARMM, along with the areas that voted to be included in ARMM in 2001, plus Isabela City and Cotabato City, will become part of a federal state. Plebiscite was held on November 19, 1989, and only four provinces voted for the creation of an autonomous region. The rare Philippine eagle is found on Mindanao. The soldiers were riding a motorcycle heading back to their camp from the marketplace in Sumisip town when armed men attacked 3, RA 7160, and RA 8371. 6734) and calling for a plebiscite to ratify the amendments and confirm which other provinces and cities would like to join the region. Folk Baskets. In Filipino Heritage: The Making of a Nation, edited by Alfredo Roces, vol. However, this practice is slowly becoming unpopular (Isidro 1976, 46-52). His personal prestige may be affected in such a case, but his claims and his capacity to give these to his children cannot be touched (Warriner 1975, 40-41). In Iligan City, the Bisaya and Cebuano are the dominant group at 85% of the city population, whereas the Maranao are a mere 7%. [21], The ARMM's sixth province, Shariff Kabunsuan, was carved out of Maguindanao on October 28, 2006. Very slowly, he moves to the left, then to the right, then moves around very gracefully. Some Islamic practices and prayers have also been incorporated by the Maranao in their farming. Maranao music forms can be classified into two: boni-boniyan (instrumental) and kaplogo (vocal). Mindanao State University AB Sociology. ZAMBOANGA CITY: Gunmen killed a member of the Philippine Army's Scout Ranger regiment and wounded another in an ambush on Tuesday in the restive Muslim province of Basilan. Miravite, Rosalina. Groups usually found in the uplands include the Tboli, Subanon, Bukidnon, Bagobo, Mandaya, and Manobo. A new law, Republic Act No. . The traditional sultan or datu often assumes this role and in effect becomes the most powerful sultan in the area (Mednick 1975). Asked for their opinion on the films, the Maranao audience stated their preference for a culture that was collectively Muslim Filipino, or Bangsamoro, rather than what was specifically Maranao (Terada 2013, 100). The film also depicts how various sociopolitical institutions have failed to provide not just the rebuilding of material structures wrought by the war in Marawi City, but also the emotional and mental support that the evacuees need. Sining Kambayoka. In CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art, edited by Doreen G. Fernandez, vol. June 25, 2018. TawiTawi is a province in the Philippines situated in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) occupying the Sulu Archipelago and the provinces of Lanao del Sur and Maguindanao in central Mindanao. Nur Misuari was invited to chair the provisional government, but he refused. (DOC) Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao - Academia.edu Cotabato City - Unfortunately, many Filipinos are still unfamiliar with Bangsamoro's rich cultural heritage. The word kambayoka derives from bayok (love song) and refers to the repertoire where two or more onor engage in a poetical joust. To date, this is the only known sarimanok piece made from the silver in-laid process. During an attack, Maranao warriors would emerge suddenly from their kota and engage the enemies in hand-to-hand combat. Sumali o mag-sign in para mahanap ang susunod mong trabaho. The island has a marsh-game refuge and bird sanctuary. The furtive process by which the MOA-AD was designed and crafted runs contrary to and in excess of the legal authority, and amounts to a whimsical, capricious, oppressive, arbitrary and despotic exercise thereof. 1989. An autonomous region of the Philippines, located in the Mindanao island group of the Philippines, that consisted of five predominantly Muslim provinces: Basilan (except Isabela City), Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi. Nowadays, with slavery abolished, stratification depends more on wealth and power, and is expressed in the bangsa system. However, the creation of this council and its Lake Lanao Watershed Protection Plan have not substantially resolved the management issues in Lake Lanao. Maranao textiles can be classified into landap, andon,and karangkali. It is believed that a lunar eclipse is caused by a giant lion that has swallowed the moon. One of these is the isa ka daradiat, a kulintang ensemble composed of a pair of big gongs with a buzzle or claves, a pair of cylindrical sticks called mamales; eight graduated gongs laid horizontally on a stand called langkongan; the debakan, a drum made from goat or deer skin; and babendir, a small flat gong. In the celebration, the Maulud is sung. They discover that their supply of food and water is almost depleted. He advises his sister not to turn against her husband and to help bring glory and fame to Bumbaran. 1974. URL: https://epa.culturalcenter.gov.ph/1/2/2365/, National Museum Declares Maranao Torogan as National Cultural Treasure; Torogan Needs Immediate Rehabilitation, Bangsamoro is ARMM + Cotabato City + 63 villages in North Cotabato, Radio Stations in Lanao del Sur Province, Philippines, Govt forces battle Maute group in Marawi City, Lanao Sur Makes History: No Failure of Elections, Management of Clan Conflict and Rido among the Tausug, Maguindanao, Maranao, Sama and Yakan Tribes, Hapilon, Maute killed on Day 147 of Marawi Crisis, Failure of Elections the Bane of 5 Lanao Sur Towns since 98, Buildings rise 4 years after Marawi siege but few residents are allowed to go back, Philippine Lakes: Status and Strategies for Sustainable Development, Top Abu Sayyaf leader hurt in Airstrike defense chief, Dancing Darangen: The Way to the Maranao Epic, Iligan City: Population Growth Rate Declined to 0.93 Percent (Results from the 2000 Census of Population and Housing, NSO), Maranao Filmmakers Have Many Stories to Tell about Mindanao, False: Martial Law in Mindanao ended without abuses, Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, Darangen Epic of the Maranao People of Lake Lanao, Duterte reveals politicians funding for Marawi siege, Fact Check: Duterte Claim no abuses in Mindanao martial law False, Review: The Eighteenth Brumaire of Rodrigo Duterte, Assessment of the Business and Investment Climate in the ARMM and Strategies to Address the Problems, Post Comments How the Angels Built Lake Lanao. In The Maranao, edited by Mamitua Saber and Adbullah Madale. Southern Philippines: Fostering an Inclusive Bangsamoro At present, the only remaining habitable Maranao torogan, built by Sultan sa Kawayan Makaantal during the American occupation of the Philippines, can be found in Bubung Malanding, Marantao, Lanao del Sur. Sohara commanded Diabarail to call on the Four Winds of the WorldAngin-Taupan, Angin-Besar, Angin-Darat, and Angin-Sarsarto create an outlet for the lake. ( Got Something to Say? [25] Several lawmakers had filed petitions with the Supreme Court to stop the Philippine government from concluding the MOA-AD due to lack of transparency and for MILF's failure to cut ties with the al-Qaeda-linked terrorist network Jemaah Islamiyah, which aims to establish a pan-Islamic state in Southeast Asia using MILF camps in southwestern Mindanao as training grounds and staging points for attacks. One very popular dance whose origin is unclear is the royal bamboo dance called singkil. . The AFP at this time was undertaking an operation to capture Hapilon who was believed to be in Lanao del Sur to establish the Islamic State Southeast Asia wilayat (province) in Marawi City (Lavallee 2017). A new law, the Bangsamoro Basic Law, would govern the creation of this new entity. Tausug Tribe of Sulu: History, Culture and Arts, Customs and Traditions Notched bamboo poles serve as the stairs, which are placed at the front and back of the house. their unique cultural beliefs, tradition . Legend says that when the first Muslim missionaries came to preach Islam, the inhabitants of Bumbaran refused to be converted. Trade is conducted through the lake, thus avoiding major land transport problems. Wudu (places of ablutions) are located near the mosque. 6734 (otherwise known as the Organic Act) in pursuance with a constitutional mandate to provide for an autonomous area in Muslim Mindanao. From the base rise two lengths of wood from either side, intricately carved in the armalis motif. After his death, the other datus endorse the datuship of Gibons eldest son and allow the other wives to return to their homes. Indigenous Peoples, Ancestral Lands and Human - Cultural Survival On Eid-el-Adha (day of sacrifice), every pilgrim who can afford it must sacrifice an animal to reenact the event. Depending solely on the sound of the drum, the third dancer, armed with shield and sword, pursues the first two dancers. This he does, and his request is granted. SCHEDULE OF PHILIPPINE FESTIVALS IN 2023 - mytourguide.ph In Maranao stories, birds, shrimps, and sparrows often play the protagonists. It is a region distinct from all other regions, with a vibrant culture and an autonomous government of its own. Each sleeping space also serves as the familys living room, working space, and dining room. this is primary activity administered to determine your baseline knowledge and preparedness for the lesson. WHILE Muslims around the world reflect, pray and fast during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan, the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) augments these customs with a celebration of the Bangsamoro culture. Thus, Lanao del Sur remains one of the poorest provinces in the entire Philippines. However, with the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution in 1896, Governor-General Blanco was forced to transfer his forces from Lanao to Luzon. The four brothers create the four sultanates, which survive to this day. Maranao retailers monopolize the rice milling business and transportation in Marawi City (Plagata et al. Kaganat sa darangen, literally to stand from the darangen, is an attempt by the performer to interpret and reenact, in song and dance, the journey of Prince Lomna to propose marriage in behalf of his father Bantingen. In the 1970s, escalating hostilities between government forces and the Moro National Liberation Front prompted President Ferdinand Marcos to issue a proclamation forming an Autonomous Region in the Southern Philippines. When Corazon C. Aquino became president, a new constitution, which provided for the creation of autonomous regions in Mindanao and the Cordilleras, was ratified. 2012 Full Year Official Poverty Statistics. NSCB website. what are the similarities of luzon, visayas and mindanao. The allegation adheres to Marawis reputation as a drug cartel territory in Muslim Mindanao where operations are purportedly controlled and protected by local officials and prominent families (Cagoco-Guiam and Schoofs 2016). The panday checks the abdomen to determine if the child is in the correct position and is moving normally. Armando Velasco, an official of the provincial board of canvassers, displays a copy of election returns sheets from the Autonomous Region on Muslim Mindanao to lawyers before it is tallied in Cotabato city in the southern Philippines August 9, 2005. In big weddings, the kulintang, a musical instrument consisting of eight graduated gongs laid horizontally on a stand called langkongan, is played on top of an arko. The Muslims believe that the world is divided into two spheres: Dar-ar-Islam (Islamic Sphere) and Dar-ar-Hard (non- Islamic Sphere). Their literature is a diverse culture which displays the features and culture of the Muslim people in the Philippines. National Statistical Coordination Board. COTABATO CITY, Philippines The local communities are learning a lot on the ethnicity of the original southern inhabitants from mock villages in the capitol here of the Autonomous Region in. Instead there was the sultanate of Mantapoli, which, under the reign of Sultan Abdara Radawi, the great grandfather of Raja Indarapatra, expanded its power and population. On 23 May 2017, three days before Ramadan, a series of gunfire erupted between some members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and Abu Sayyaf subleader Isnilon Hapilons group at the lower portion of Mindanao State University Marawis Basak Malulut village (Fonbuena 2020, 18). Establishment of the ARMM The Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao region was first created on August 1, 1989 through Republic Act No. Bangsamoro Commission for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage Mindanao | island, Philippines | Britannica Aside from the Quran, other Islamic sources of law include the Sunnah or Haddith, literally, a way, rule, or manner of acting, which recounts the deeds and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad; and the ijma and iftinad, a revisable collection of the opinions of Islamic jurists. The Maranao Malong. Mosque in the Philippines. COTABATO CITY: Amid the clashes in some parts of the region, the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) is showcasing its grandest mock tribal villages narrating the variety of cultures, traditions, history and oneness of the Bangsamoro people. Very often, the groom and his entourage have to haggle for whatever is demanded, the fulfillment of which allows him to enter the room. 19th century illustration of a lanong, the main warships used by the Iranun and Banguingui people. Pilandok answers that at the bottom of the sea rests a kingdom where gold and silver abound. This was, however, turned down by a plebiscite. Lesson 1: Ethno-linguistic Groups of Bangsamoro. A modern adaptation of the Darangen is the Philippine Ballet Theaters Darangen ni Bantugen. Matrimonial negotiations often take a long time because of these exchanges. The Filipino Muslim Armed Struggle 1900-1972. 4, 1045-1049. An elder sings a traditional lullaby, presumably to lay her to rest. A Linguistic Atlas of the Philippines. Manila: Cultural Center of the Philippines. 7, 400-401. maguindanao BRIEF PROFILE Maguindanao is a province in the Philippines situated in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) occupying the Sulu Archipelago and the provinces of Lanao del Sur and Maguindanao in central Mindanao. She decides to play a trick on him for not teaching her the art of singing. Some of the animals that populate Maranao fables are the dog, the cat, the monkey, the deer, the fox, the heron, and the lion. Other animals raised are the goat, and to a much lesser extent, chicken (Plagata et al. Sulu was conquered by Admiral Jose Malcampo in 1876. This new agreement would replace the existing ARMM with a new political entity called the Bangsamoro, which would have broader powers over its use of resources and wider powers of autonomy. Alarcon, Norma. Traditions & Cultures Itawis are noted for their pottery and basket-weaving traditions Culture of Cagayan is showcased in museums, historical buildings and archeological sites spread across the province. Other theater forms like the diabro and onta revolve around the combat between the devil and a good spirit near the seashore. Tutob (Skullcap), 2012, is a day-in-the-life story of a Maranao man driving a motorcycle to fetch a package in the city. Nevertheless, the average Maranao has an idea of what they are all about. The interior of the mosque is laid out according to the nature of salat (Islamic prayer), which is announced from tall minarets. Caraga State University (Northern Mindanao State Institute of Science and Technology) P.3: Surigao del Sur State University (Surigao del Sur Polytechnic State College) P.4: Surigao State College of Technology: Q. The Sharia applied only to Muslims; its applications are limited by pertinent constitutional provisions (prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment). The Islamic aversion to realistic representations of human or animal forms has resulted in nature being abstracted into sophisticated symbolic forms. Engl12 21st Q1mod2 Text Authors Philippines Marylyn Burgos Bgo v1 A Deadly Cocktail? Decolonization and Filipino Muslim Identity. PCSS Policy Monography Series No 5.Quezon City: The Journals and Publications Division, The Presidents Center for Special Studies. Kashawing, a ritual that is depicted in the Maranao epic, is no longer practiced. The Muslim Filipinos and Islam. Mindanao Journal 3 (October-Deccember): 45-58. Yoshitaka Terada of the National Museum of Ethnology in Osaka, Japan, and Maranao scholar Usopay Cadar filmed these two documentaries in 2008, in villages around Lake Lanao and in Baguio, where a Maranao migrant community resides (Terada 2013, 95). Local terms for political leadership show little Islamic influence. During kandaonga, the matchmakers recite verses to stress certain points. A metaphor used for this purpose is the small hole, which is associated with the people looking through it: A Maranao expresses his love indirectly through tubad-tubad, which are reserved in tone and employ metaphors and allusions. Sultan Sharif Kabungsuwan, a native of Johor (died 1543) is said to have introduced Islam in Mindanao. Then, on September 19, 2001, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's Executive Order No. Marawi City: MSU University Research Center. Autonomous areas are distinct from the constituent units of a federation (e.g. Politically, this folk Islam was further indigenized when the local barangay structure persisted in the sultanate system. The melodic lines of Maranao traditional music and chants were modernized by music arranger Jesse Lucas by synthesizing them with other sounds. Cagayan De Oro City: Xavier University. The Maranao tinai a walai is also intricately carved with okir designs. This last piece is said to originate from a woman who, during a quarrel with her husband, played the kulintang to summon the neighbors to intercede. Retrieved 31 May 2021, https://www.rappler.com/nation/mamasapano-pnp-saf-milf-clash. The married couple decides to alternate daily between land and water. This gesture is considered an act of respect for the lakes ancestral spirits, who are believed to protect the child. Before the family leaves, Miyangondaya Linog names the couples two sons Tominaman sa Rogong and Mangondaya Boisan. The melodies represent several themes, among them the palagoy ka saladung (run deer run), kapromayas (a place), mamayog (love), sinolog (from Sulu), kasegorongan (characterized by a rising and falling melody), kapmagarib (sunset), katitik panday, derived from tintik (beating), and panday (creative). Until mid-2021, the Maranao of Marawi City were still busy recovering from the losses, trauma, and distress brought about by the siege (Gotinga 2021). March 15 | Mindanao Update: BARMM, Peace-Building, and Community Health This activity gathers different cultural festival in the country where contingents competes in Dance Parade, Float Competition and Beauty Pageant. The Muslims Also Pray. In Filipino Heritage: The Making of a Nation, edited by Alfredo Roces, vol. The story The Dog and the Lion begins with a hungry lion chancing upon a dog one day. [26], On October 14, 2008, the Supreme Court of the Philippines, by a vote of 87, declared contrary to law and the Constitution the Ancestral Domain Aspect (MOA-AD) of the Tripoli Agreement on Peace of 2001 between the Philippine government and the MILF. The finest example of Maranao architecture is the torogan, which showcases the best of Maranao okir, literally carving. On the facade there are panolong (winglike house beams) with a pako rabong (fern) or naga motif. . what are the similarities of luzon, visayas and mindanao. Only four people survived, and they became the ancestors of todays Maranao. Arts and Culture: Metropolis. Click the City website. Manila: Solidaridad Publishing House. In 1886, General Torrero led an expedition against Datu Uto of Cotabato but although he was able to destroy the kota in Cotabato, he was unable to enforce Spanish sovereignty. Provisions were made, however, to allow Muslims time to comply with the new restrictions. Negotiations resumed in 1977, and the following points were agreed upon: the proclamation of a presidential decree creating autonomy in 13 provinces; the creation of a provisional government; and the holding of a referendum in the autonomous areas to determine the administration of the government. imported from Wikimedia project. Maranao People of the Philippines: History, Culture and Arts, Customs Northern Mindanao is a region rich in culture, which can be seen in their numerous festivals. Request a Quote. In 1457, the Sultanate of Sulu was founded, and not long after that, the sultanates of Maguindanao and Buayan were also established. Pre-Discussion: Ethnic group is a group of people who share a similar culture (beliefs, values, and behaviors), language, religion, ancestry, or other characteristic that is often handed down from one generation to the next. The Maranao do not generally engage in commercial agriculture. At the behest of younger Maranao farmers, elders may recite a prayer to drive away rats: Assalamoalaikom ko elaw, leyawaw ka di mamin, lontoka di malungan, patre ka badan kumbang ka o neyawa (May Allah be with the seeds and may there be good harvest) (Dimaporo and Fernandez 2007, 77-78). An autonomous administrative division (also referred to as an autonomous area, entity, unit, region, subdivision, or territory) is a subnational administrative division or internal territory of a sovereign state that has a degree of autonomyself-governanceunder the national government. They are garbed in Maranao finery, complete with kerchief and tobao (a turban tied around the head) with one end pointing stiffly upwards. A suitable wife must be found. The battle ensued with hundreds of civilian residents unable to flee from Marawi City for safety. It was composed of three members for every congressional district. Tubular Skirt, Umbrella, Hammock, Mosquito Net and Work of Art. In Filipino Heritage: The Age of Trade and Contacts. Posted by ARKIPELAGO on May 16, 2016. 1976, 72-75). http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/october2008/183591.htm. When this occurs, the Maranao play their gongs and recite: Arimaonga boka inga so alan ka mbangkitun a doniya (Lion, please release the moon because the world will come to an end). The body is washed by the imam and wrapped in white cloth before it is brought to the mosque for saltul gaib (prayer for the dead) and then to the grave. Economically important species of fish in Lake Lanao include the aruan (mudfish), katipa (catfish), popoyo (climbing perch), kasili (eel), bongkaong (carp), mampawi (tilapia), gorami (plasalit), tamban (black bass), kadurong (goby), arid bangos (milkfish). A two-part plebiscite on January 21 and February 1 resulted in the ratification of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) with territorial jurisdiction in Maguindanao, Lanao del Sur, Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, Marawi City, Lamitan City, Cotabato City, and 63 barangays in six North Cotabato towns (Arguillas 2019). Manila: Lahing Pilipino Publishing. In many ways, the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) is perhaps the least known region in the Philippinesmaybe because it also the most geographically remote. San Fernando City, Pampanga. Fonbuena, Carmela S. 2020. The chief crops are corn (maize), rice, abaca, bananas, pineapples, mangoes, and coconuts. Realizing the futility of armed resistance, some Muslims sought to make the best of the situation. In 2013, Maimbung was officially designated as the royal capital of the Sultanate of Sulu by the remaining members of the Sulu royal family.[36][37][38]. To these verses, the girls spokesperson will probably indicate, after a series of exchanges, that the boy must exert more effort because, like a bird, the girl can alight and build a nest of her own. PDF Armm culture and tradition pdf - Simokatojerosu.weebly.com On the other hand, Islamic influence is evident in the following terms: sarip (keeper of traditions), alim (sublime porter), sherif, shayuk, hadji, imam, and calip or halip. The uprising ended the following day, 22 October, with 59 casualties, including 49 rebels and 6 of the government forces. One reason for the kambitiara is to make public the noble lineages of both families, and hence to affirm that both are of the same class. In the same year, Sultans Ganduli and Tanagan of Masiu staged an uprising that claimed 150 to 200 Muslim lives, including their own. Rugged, faulted mountains and volcanoes occur in many areas. The kind of Islam that arrived in the Philippines had already assimilated various other traditions. In the singkil dance, the clashing shields represent the rocks, and the clapping bamboos represent the stones. The Maranao still believe in pre-Islamic spirits and beings, and the practices associated with them. After he has bought rice for his familys lunch, he picks up a passenger who holds a gun to him and drives away with his tricycle. Mixed with tie-dye type patterns, the type is called babalodan. These petitions were not granted. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files Press. From 1963 to 1964, fish production in Lake Lanao was only 1,986,330 kilograms for the entire lake, while fish consumption of the entire population of Lanao del Sur was 8,132,156.22 kilograms.
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